Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Wound Healing in Animals: Biological Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations

Abstract

Wound healing in animals is a highly complex and dynamic biological process that involves coordinated cellular, molecular, and tissue-level responses aimed at restoring structural and functional integrity after injury. This study examines the biological regulation of wound healing in animals, with particular emphasis on the sequential phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Clinical and experimental observations were conducted on farm animals with traumatic, surgical, purulent, and necrotic wounds to evaluate healing dynamics under different treatment approaches. The application of bioactive collagen-based dressings and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy significantly reduced microbial contamination, enhanced fibroblast activity, promoted angiogenesis, and accelerated epithelialization compared with conventional antiseptic treatments. Histological and microbiological findings confirmed improved tissue organization and faster wound closure in the experimental group. The results highlight the importance of understanding wound healing biology for optimizing therapeutic strategies and demonstrate the potential of innovative bioactive treatments in improving clinical outcomes in veterinary practice.