Prescriptive and Descriptive Grammar: Functions, Distinctions, and Pedagogical Relevance

Abstract

This article examines the fundamental distinction between prescriptive and descriptive grammar and their respective roles in linguistic analysis and language education. Prescriptive grammar is primarily concerned with formulating norms and rules that define correct language use, whereas descriptive grammar aims to document and analyze how language is actually used by speakers in authentic communicative contexts. Drawing on a qualitative review of linguistic literature and representative language examples, the study outlines the objectives, advantages, and limitations of both grammatical approaches. The findings suggest that prescriptive and descriptive grammar should not be viewed as opposing frameworks but rather as complementary perspectives that together contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of language structure, variation, and change. In particular, the article emphasizes the importance of integrating both approaches in language teaching, as each serves distinct yet interconnected pedagogical functions. By clarifying their differences and areas of application, the study highlights the relevance of both grammatical traditions in linguistic theory and educational practice.