Migration Processes and the Determinants of Human Capital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69760/portuni.26050008Keywords:
Human capital, migration, brain drain, skill transfer, socio-economic development, remittances, diaspora, brain circulationAbstract
This article examines the complex and multifaceted relationship between migration processes and the determinants of human capital, focusing on both internal and international migration flows and their effects on societies of origin and destination. Human capital, broadly defined as the aggregate of individuals’ education, skills, health, and competencies, plays a fundamental role in driving economic growth, innovation, and sustainable development. Migration has become an increasingly important factor in shaping the formation, distribution, and utilization of human capital at local, national, and global levels. While the emigration of skilled individuals can create challenges such as brain drain and talent shortages in sending countries, migration also presents substantial opportunities, including the transfer of knowledge and technology, acquisition of new skills, exposure to innovative practices, and the development of transnational social networks. Furthermore, remittances sent by migrants often contribute significantly to improving education and healthcare outcomes in their home communities, thereby enhancing human capital in the long term. Drawing on recent empirical studies, case analyses from Azerbaijan and other countries, and data from international organizations, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the dual impacts of migration on human capital. The article explores the main determinants affected by migration—such as access to quality education, professional development, health status, and social capital—and discusses current policy measures aimed at maximizing the positive effects of migration, including circular migration programs, skill recognition agreements, and diaspora engagement initiatives.
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