Rethinking ‘Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness’: The Modern American Dream

Abstract

This article explores the historical trajectory and evolving significance of the American Dream, tracing its roots in the agrarian aspirations of Colonial and Revolutionary America to its modern emphasis on personal fulfillment, inclusivity, and social justice. Employing a multidisciplinary methodology—incorporating historical texts, literary critiques, and socio-political analyses—the study situates the American Dream within four eras: Colonial and Revolutionary America, the Industrial Revolution, Post-War consumerism, and the contemporary period. Findings indicate that the original vision centered on land ownership and independence, later shifting to prioritize material wealth and suburban ideals in the twentieth century. In recent decades, the focus has broadened to include individual self-realization and equity, reflecting increasing demographic diversity and global interconnectedness. Although the American Dream remains a powerful symbol of national identity, it confronts ongoing challenges, including persistent inequality and environmental concerns. By highlighting the Dream’s capacity for adaptation, this article underscores its continued relevance, offering insights into the ways it can inform societal aspirations and policy decisions in a rapidly changing world.