Language Anxiety in ESL Learners: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

This article examines the causes, effects, and strategies for mitigating language anxiety in ESL learners. Drawing from theoretical frameworks, such as Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis, and a case study from Nakhchivan schools, it highlights how linguistic, cultural, and social factors contribute to anxiety. The article discusses practical interventions, including scaffolding, mindfulness techniques, and creating supportive learning environments, to reduce anxiety and improve language acquisition. The findings suggest that addressing language anxiety is essential for enhancing learners’ confidence, motivation, and academic performance, with implications for educators and policy-makers alike. Suggestions for future research, including the use of technology to reduce anxiety, are also presented.