The Advantages and Disadvantages of Teacher-Centred Instruction in Foreign Language Teaching Amidst Contemporary Demands: An Analysis Based on the Experience of Azerbaijan

Abstract

This article analyzes the shifts occurring in foreign language education due to advances in science and technology, specifically examining the application of the teacher-centered instruction model within the Azerbaijan education system. The rapid proliferation of English, driven by globalization and strengthening international relations, has introduced numerous innovations into language pedagogy. The article highlights the gradual transition from the traditional teacher-centered approach towards a student-centered model. The key advantages of teacher-centered instruction are noted, particularly in the initial stages of language acquisition in primary grades (ages 5-6), where the teacher's role as a guide and resource is crucial. Concurrently, the disadvantages of this approach, including passive participation, restricted student freedom, and the potential use of outdated materials—are discussed. The paper also explores the application of teacher-centered elements across different age groups (primary, 5-9, and 10-11 grades) and the importance of specific methods in inclusive education, such as individualized training, repetition, and emotional support for students with special needs. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of integrating an optimal and flexible mix of methods, leveraging technological innovations, and tailoring instruction to the students' ages and needs to ensure the effectiveness of modern language teaching. In the contemporary world, various changes have been occurred in recent years, including shifts in the teaching of second or target languages. Advances in science and technology have given rise to numerous innovations in teaching methods. The traditional teacher-centered approach is gradually giving way to a more student-centric teaching model, which, in turn, has led to alterations in teaching methods for educators.